Tetrazolium dyes as tools in cell biology: new insights into their cellular reduction.
This paper presents a computationally environment friendly, two-dimensional, function level monitoringalgorithm for the automated detection and quantitative evaluation of particle trajectories as recorded by video imaging in cell biology.
The monitoring course of requires no a priori mathematical modeling of the movement, it’s self-initializing, it discriminates spurious detections, and it may deal with momentary occlusion as properly as particle look and disappearance from the picture area.
The effectivity of the algorithm is validated on artificial video information the place it’s in comparison with present strategies and its accuracy and precision are assessed for a variety of signal-to-noise ratios. The algorithm is properly fitted to video imaging in cell biology counting on low-intensity fluorescence microscopy.
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Its applicability is demonstrated in three case research involving transport of low-density lipoproteins in endosomes, movement of fluorescently labeled Adenovirus-2 particles alongside microtubules, and monitoring of quantum dots on the plasma membrane of dwell cells. The current automated monitoring course of allows the quantification of dispersive processes in cell biology utilizing methods such as second scaling spectra.
Description: Major intrinsic protein is a member of the water-transporting aquaporins as well as the original member of the MIP family of channel proteins. The function of the fiber cell membrane protein encoded by this gene is undetermined, yet this protein is speculated to play a role in intracellular communication. The MIP protein is expressed in the ocular lens and is required for correct lens function. This gene has been mapped among aquaporins AQP2, AQP5, and AQP6, in a potential gene cluster at 12q13.
Description: MIP-3 is a CC chemokine that signals through the CCR1 receptor. MIP-3 chemoattracts monocytes, resting T-lymphocytes and neutrophils, but does not chemoattract activated lymphocytes. Additionally, MIP-3 has been shown to inhibit colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant human MIP-3 is an 11.3 kDa protein containing 99 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.
Description: MIP-3 is a CC chemokine that signals through the CCR1 receptor. MIP-3 chemoattracts monocytes, resting T-lymphocytes and neutrophils, but does not chemoattract activated lymphocytes. Additionally, MIP-3 has been shown to inhibit colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant human MIP-3 is an 11.3 kDa protein containing 99 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.
Description: MIP-3 is a CC chemokine that signals through the CCR1 receptor. MIP-3 chemoattracts monocytes, resting T-lymphocytes and neutrophils, but does not chemoattract activated lymphocytes. Additionally, MIP-3 has been shown to inhibit colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant human MIP-3 is an 11.3 kDa protein containing 99 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.
Description: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of endoproteases that require zinc and calcium for expressing catalytic activity. These enzymes play a central role in the maintenance and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Elevated expression of their activity, caused either by up-regulation of their expression or down-regulation of their cognate inhibitors, has been implicated in various degenerative disorders, including arthritis, cardiovascular disease, skeletal growth-plate disorders, and cancer metastasis. MMP-3 degrades fibronectin, laminin, collagens III, IV, and X, and cartilage proteoglycans. Recombinant human MMP-3 is a 42.8 kDa protein containing the entire catalytic N-terminal domain and the C-terminal domain (378 amino acids).
Description: Interleukin-3 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is single, a non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 154 amino acids fragment (20-152) and having a total molecular mass of 17.3kDa and fused with a 20 aa N-terminal His tag. ;The IL3 His is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: MIP-3 alpha is a CC chemokine that is expressed in the liver, lymph nodes, appendix, PBL and lung and signals through the CCR6 receptor. MIP-3 alpha is chemotactic towards lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Additionally, it promotes the adhesion of memory CD4+ T cells and inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant murine MIP-3 alpha is a 7.9 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.
Description: MIP-3 alpha is a CC chemokine that is expressed in the liver, lymph nodes, appendix, PBL and lung and signals through the CCR6 receptor. MIP-3 alpha is chemotactic towards lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Additionally, it promotes the adhesion of memory CD4+ T cells and inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant murine MIP-3 alpha is a 7.9 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.
Description: MIP-3 beta is a CC chemokine that is expressed in the thymus, lymph nodes and in activated bone marrow stromal cells and signals through the CCR7 receptor. MIP-3 beta is a chemoattractant for T and B lymphocytes and myeloid progenitor cells. Human MIP-3 beta is active on murine cells. Recombinant murine MIP-3 beta is a 9.2 kDa protein containing 83 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.
Description: MIP-3 beta is a CC chemokine that is expressed in the thymus, lymph nodes and in activated bone marrow stromal cells and signals through the CCR7 receptor. MIP-3 beta is a chemoattractant for T and B lymphocytes and myeloid progenitor cells. Human MIP-3 beta is active on murine cells. Recombinant murine MIP-3 beta is a 9.2 kDa protein containing 83 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.
Description: MIP-3 alpha is a CC chemokine that is expressed in the liver, lymph nodes, appendix, PBL and lung and can signal through the CCR6 receptor. MIP-3 alpha is chemotactic towards lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Additionally, it promotes the adhesion of memory CD4+ T cells and inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant human MIP-3 alpha is an 8.0 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.
Description: MIP-3 alpha is a CC chemokine that is expressed in the liver, lymph nodes, appendix, PBL and lung and can signal through the CCR6 receptor. MIP-3 alpha is chemotactic towards lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Additionally, it promotes the adhesion of memory CD4+ T cells and inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant human MIP-3 alpha is an 8.0 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.
Description: MIP-3 beta is a CC chemokine that is expressed in the thymus, lymph nodes and in activated bone marrow stromal cells and signals through the CCR7 receptor. MIP-3 beta is a chemoattractant for T and B lymphocytes and myeloid progenitor cells. Human MIP-3 beta is active on murine cells. Recombinant human MIP-3 beta is an 8.8 kDa protein containing 77 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.
Description: MIP-3 beta is a CC chemokine that is expressed in the thymus, lymph nodes and in activated bone marrow stromal cells and signals through the CCR7 receptor. MIP-3 beta is a chemoattractant for T and B lymphocytes and myeloid progenitor cells. Human MIP-3 beta is active on murine cells. Recombinant human MIP-3 beta is an 8.8 kDa protein containing 77 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.
Description: MIP-3α is a CC chemokine that is expressed in the liver, lymph nodes, appendix, PBL and lung and can signal through the CCR6 receptor. MIP-3α is chemotactic towards lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Additionally, it promotes the adhesion of memory CD4+ T cells and inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant human MIP-3α is an 8.0 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.
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A cell’s conduct is a consequence of the advanced interactions between its quite a few constituents, such as DNA, RNA, proteins and small molecules.
Cells use signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms to coordinate a number of processes, permitting them to answer and adapt to an ever-changing setting. The massive variety of parts, the diploma of interconnectivityand the advanced management of cellular networks have gotten evident in the built-in genomic and proteomicanalyses which can be rising.
It is more and more acknowledged that the understanding of properties that come up from whole-cell operate require built-in, theoretical descriptions of the relationships between completely different cellular parts.
Recent theoretical advances permit us to explain cellular community construction with graph ideas and have revealed organizational options shared with quite a few non-biological networks. We now have the chance to explain quantitatively a community of a whole lot or hundreds of interacting parts. Moreover, the noticed topologiesof cellular networks give us clues about their evolution and the way their group influences their operate and dynamic resp.
There has been an growing curiosity in current years in the stromal cell system functioning in the assist of hematopoiesis.
The stromal cell system has been proposed to encompass marrow mesenchymal stem cells which can be able to self-renewal and differentiation into numerous connective tissue lineages. Recent efforts demonstrated that the a number of mesenchymal lineages may be clonally derived from a single mesenchymal stem cell, supporting the proposed paradigm.
Dexter demonstrated in 1982 that an adherent stromal-like tradition was in a position to assist upkeep of hematopoietic stem as properly as early B lymphopoeisis. Recent information from in vitro fashions demonstrating the important position of stromal assist in hematopoiesis formed the view that cell-cell interactions in the marrow microenvironment are important for regular hematopoietic operate and differentiation. Maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell inhabitants has been used to extend the effectivity of hematopoietic stem cell gene switch.
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Neurotensin (NT) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Neurotensin (NT) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Nitrotyrosine (NT) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Nitrotyrosine (NT) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.
Description: NT-4 is a neurotrophic factor structurally related to β-NGF, BDNF, and NT-3. These proteins belong to the cysteine-knot family of growth factors that assume stable dimeric structures. NT-4 is expressed in the prostate, thymus, placenta and skeletal muscle. NT-4 can signal through the LNGFR and trkB receptors and promotes the survival of peripheral sensory sympathetic neurons. Recombinant human NT-4 is a noncovalently linked homodimer, of two 14.0 kDa polypeptide monomers (260 total amino acid residues).
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Neurotrophin 4, NT-4 in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Neurotrophin 4, NT-4 in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Neurotrophin-4 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a noncovalently linked homodimer, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 2 x 130 amino acids (81-210 amino acids) and having a total molecular mass of 28 kDa. ;The NT-4 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Neurotensin (NT) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Neurotensin (NT) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.
Description: NT-4 is a neurotrophic factor structurally related to β-NGF, BDNF, and NT-3. These proteins belong to the cysteine-knot family of growth factors that assume stable dimeric structures. NT-4 is expressed in the prostate, thymus, placenta and skeletal muscle. NT-4 can signal through the LNGFR and trkB receptors and promotes the survival of peripheral sensory sympathetic neurons. Recombinant human NT-4 is a noncovalently linked homodimer, of two 14.0 kDa polypeptide monomers (260 total amino acid residues).
Description: NT-4 is a neurotrophic factor structurally related to β-NGF, BDNF, and NT-3. These proteins belong to the cysteine-knot family of growth factors that assume stable dimeric structures. NT-4 is expressed in the prostate, thymus, placenta and skeletal muscle. NT-4 can signal through the LNGFR and trkB receptors and promotes the survival of peripheral sensory sympathetic neurons. Recombinant human NT-4 is a noncovalently linked homodimer, of two 14.0 kDa polypeptide monomers (260 total amino acid residues).
Description: NT-4 is a neurotrophic factor structurally related to β-NGF, BDNF, and NT-3. These proteins belong to the cysteine-knot family of growth factors that assume stable dimeric structures. NT-4 is expressed in the prostate, thymus, placenta and skeletal muscle. NT-4 can signal through the LNGFR and trkB receptors and promotes the survival of peripheral sensory sympathetic neurons. Recombinant human NT-4 is a noncovalently linked homodimer, of two 14.0 kDa polypeptide monomers (260 total amino acid residues).Manufactured using all non-animal reagents.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of NT-4 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This NT-4 antibody is for IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human NT-4
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of NT-4 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This NT-4 antibody is for IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human NT-4
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of NT-4 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This NT-4 antibody is for IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human NT-4
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human NT-4 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: Interleukin-4 Human Recombinant produced in yeast is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 129 amino acids.;The IL-4 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Description of target: Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), also known as neurotrophin-5 (NT-5), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTF4 gene. Human NT-4 as well as a human NT-4 pseudogene colocalize to chromosome 19 band q13.3. NT-4 is a member of a family of neurotrophic factors, the neurotrophins, that control survival and differentiation of vertebrate neurons (2-4). NT-4 is a neurotrophic factor that signals predominantly through the TrkB receptor tyrosine kinase. NT4 plays a physiological role essential for hippocampus- and amygdala-dependent long-term memory and hippocampal long-lasting LTP and that NT4 may be useful in the therapy of acquired disorders of learning and memory.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich Immunoassay;Sensitivity: <= 10 pg/mL
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Mouse Neurotrophin 4, NT-4 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Mouse Neurotrophin 4, NT-4 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Neurotrophin 4, NT-4 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Neurotrophin 4, NT-4 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
High-dose chemotherapy and ceaselessly trigger stromal harm with ensuing hematopoietic defects. Data from preclinical transplantation research urged that stromal cell infusions not solely stop the incidence of graft failure, however they’ve an immunomodulatory impact.
Preclinical and early medical security research are paving the best way for additional functions of mesenchymal stem cells in the sector of transplantation with respect to hematopoietic assist, immunoregulation, and graft facilitation.
The innate immune system consists of a various array of evolutionarily historic haematopoietic cell sorts, together with dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes. These cell populations collaborate with one another, with the adaptive immune system and with non-haematopoietic cells to advertise immunity, irritation and tissue restore.
Innate lymphoid cells are essentially the most lately recognized constituents of the innate immune system and have been the main focus of intense investigation over the previous 5 years.
We summarize the research that formally recognized innate lymphoid cells and spotlight their rising roles in controlling tissue homeostasis in the context of an infection, power irritation, metabolic illness and most cancers.
